The Conflict

On 9 July, 2011 Sudan was split into two. Which causes the birth of the newest nation of the world "The republic of South Sudan." South Sudan independence was finally became true to the people of South Sudan after 17 years of civil wars. However, peace is not guaranteed because of the violence up in the borders and about the oil fields.                                                                                                                                                 

Sudan had 3 main civil wars that happened because of three factors that is oil, desertification, and ethnicity. During the British-Egyptian rule between 1899 and 1956, South Sudan was considered very tribal and backward. So, they were treated very differently than the North by having to change their religion from Muslim into Christianity while the North was developed with roads, healthcare, buildings, and many other resources. And after the British left Sudan, the North had all the powers because only 4 elected officials from South Sudan could work in the government while the rest are from the North. This made South Sudan very unhappy and erupted the first civil war.

Oil played a very important role in the Sudan conflict because of each region wants their own profit from the oil. But, what happened was that most of the oil field is in South Sudan but, the Sudan port near the Red Sea is in the North. And so, the North Sudan keeps all the profits from the oil which was 70% sold to China. Until they made an agreement that South Sudan will earn 49% of the oil. Now they are still fighting for a place in the border called Abyei which if the border goes further North the South will gain more oil but, if the Border goes further South, the North will gets more oil.While these two region is each gaining more or less of the profit leaving the West Sudan still undeveloped.

West Sudan is still undeveloped which causes them to have less resources and desertification. Which are caused from natural disasters and wars. Tension in Darfur a city in the West was started when droughts attacked the Northern Darfur and made many people to move to the South which causes more land competition during the 1980's. Until when the Sudan People Liberation Army(SPLA) and the Sudan People Liberation Movement(SPLM) rose up against the Northern government. The group l ader was, John Garang who declared that he don't want to separate Sudan but to make a new and better Sudan than before. Shortly after that, a peace agreement was signed that ended the war in 2005. Until later on, John Garang died on a helicopter crash. His successor Salva Kiir then continued John Garang intentions. But, the conflict didn't end yet. When the Janjaweed which are the Arab Militia was ordered from the government to stop the rebel by killing and destroying all the ethnic groups like the rebels in return of food and resources. Also the North had many advanced weapons from China which they export 70% of their oil to.But, the government denied that they didn't ordered the Janjaweed to do so.

Sources (MLA Format)
-"Collaborative for Peace, Sudan and South Sudan." Peace Direct. N.p., n.d. Web. 08 Nov. 2012. <http://www.peacedirect.org/peacebuilders/sudan/?gclid=CLfxpffywLMCFUwb6wodujcAcg>.
-"EOTM Press Room." EOTM! ONLINE. N.p., n.d. Web. 08 Nov. 2012. <http://eotm.wordpress.com/eotm-world-news/>.